satkāra-māna-pūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena chaiva yat
kriyate tad iha proktaṁ rājasaṁ chalam adhruvam||18||

Meaning : Austerity performed for the sake of show, honor, and praise, done with hypocrisy this is called rajasic (passionate). It is unstable and not lasting.

śhraddhayā parayā taptaṁ tapas tat tri-vidhaṁ naraiḥ
aphalākāṅkṣhibhir yuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ parichakṣhate||17||

Meaning : Austerity (tapas) done with supreme faith, by people who are free from desire for results, and done with discipline that kind of austerity is called sattvic (pure).

manaḥ-prasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ maunam ātma-vinigrahaḥ
bhāva-sanśhuddhir ity etat tapo mānasam uchyate||16||

Meaning : Speech that causes no disturbance, is truthful, pleasant, and beneficial, along with the regular practice of studying sacred scriptures this is called the austerity of speech.

anudvega-karaṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priya-hitaṁ cha yat
svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ chaiva vāṅ-mayaṁ tapa uchyate||15||

Meaning : Speech that is free from agitation, truthful, pleasing, and beneficial; and the practice of studying sacred texts these are called austerity of the speech.

deva-dwija-guru-prājña- pūjanaṁ śhaucham ārjavam
brahmacharyam ahinsā cha śhārīraṁ tapa uchyate||14||

Meaning : Worshiping the gods, the twice-born (brahmanas), the teachers, and the wise; purity, honesty, celibacy, and non-violence these are called physical austerity (tapas)

vidhi-hīnam asṛiṣhṭānnaṁ mantra-hīnam adakṣhiṇam
śhraddhā-virahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ parichakṣhate||13||

Meaning : Sacrifice that is done without following the rules, without offering food, without chanting mantras, without giving gifts, and without faith that sacrifice is considered tamasic (ignorant).

abhisandhāya tu phalaṁ dambhārtham api chaiva yat
ijyate bharata-śhreṣhṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam||12||

Meaning : But sacrifice performed with the intention of gaining rewards, and done with hypocrisy and show, O best of Bharata, is considered rajasic (passionate).

aphalākāṅkṣhibhir yajño vidhi-driṣhṭo ya ijyate
yaṣhṭavyam eveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ||11||

Meaning : Sacrifice performed without desire for personal gain, done according to the rules, and with a steady mind focused on what should be done — that kind of sacrifice is considered sattvic (pure).

yāta-yāmaṁ gata-rasaṁ pūti paryuṣhitaṁ cha yat
uchchhiṣhṭam api chāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasa-priyam||10||

Meaning : Food that is tasteless, stale, overcooked, decomposed, left over, and impure is liked by people of tamasic (ignorant) nature.

kaṭv-amla-lavaṇāty-uṣhṇa- tīkṣhṇa-rūkṣha-vidāhinaḥ
āhārā rājasasyeṣhṭā duḥkha-śhokāmaya-pradāḥ||9||

Meaning : Foods that are bitter, sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry, and burning are preferred by people of rajasic (passionate) nature. Such foods cause pain, sorrow, and disease.