evaṁ bahu-vidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe
karma-jān viddhi tān sarvān evaṁ jñātvā vimokṣhyase||32||

Meaning : Arjuna, these various sacrifices—of self-discipline, knowledge, devotion, and action—are all revealed through the Vedas, My divine voice. They arise from different forms of action. Know them deeply and practice them with understanding, and you will rise above the bondage of karma and attain liberation.

yajña-śhiṣhṭāmṛita-bhujo yānti brahma sanātanam
nāyaṁ loko ’styayajñasya kuto ’nyaḥ kuru-sattama||31||

Meaning : Arjuna, Those who live in the spirit of offering and partake in what remains from such sacred acts are nourished in soul and reach the eternal Brahman. But those who live without any form of sacrifice—without selflessness, devotion, or discipline—find no true fulfillment, not even in this world. So how can they expect anything greater in the next?

apare niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣhu juhvati
sarve ’pyete yajña-vido yajña-kṣhapita-kalmaṣhāḥ||30||

Meaning : Some others control their food intake and offer their life energies through breath control. All of these people, who understand the meaning of sacrifice, are purified of their sins through these sacred practices.

apāne juhvati prāṇaṁ prāṇe ’pānaṁ tathāpare
prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ||29||

Meaning : Those who seek Me by mastering the subtle energy within them. Through the sacred practice of prāṇāyāma, they control the flow of breath—offering inhale into exhale and exhale into inhale—thus harmonizing the life force. Such focused control leads them to inner stillness and spiritual elevation.

dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā yoga-yajñās tathāpare
swādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāśh cha yatayaḥ sanśhita-vratāḥ||28||

Meaning : Arjuna, there are many paths of sacrifice. Some give wealth, some follow strict disciplines, some meditate through yoga, and others seek Me through study and knowledge. Each is a valid offering, when done with sincerity and dedication. These acts purify the soul and guide the seeker closer to truth.

sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi chāpare
ātma-sanyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite||27||

Meaning : Some people dedicate all their sensory actions and life energy as a sacrifice by controlling them through disciplined yoga and knowledge. This inner fire of wisdom purifies their actions and leads them toward liberation.

śhrotrādīnīndriyāṇyanye sanyamāgniṣhu juhvati
śhabdādīn viṣhayānanya indriyāgniṣhu juhvati||26||

Meaning : Some offer their senses, like hearing, into the fire of self-discipline and control. Others offer the sense objects, like sounds and sights, into the fire of the senses themselves.

daivam evāpare yajñaṁ yoginaḥ paryupāsate
brahmāgnāvapare yajñaṁ yajñenaivopajuhvati||25||

Meaning : Different seekers worship in different ways—some focus on the divine force itself, while others perform sacrifices dedicated to Brahman. Both paths are respected, and through sincere devotion and sacrifice, they receive support and nourishment for their spiritual journey.

brahmārpaṇaṁ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṁ brahma-karma-samādhinā||24||

Meaning : When you dedicate your actions as an offering to the Supreme Reality—seeing everything as Brahman—your deeds become pure. This yoga of performing actions with the awareness that the act, the offering, and the fire are all Brahman leads you to unite with the Absolute.

gata-saṅgasya muktasya jñānāvasthita-chetasaḥ
yajñāyācharataḥ karma samagraṁ pravilīyate||23||

Meaning : When you act without attachment, with your mind steady in true knowledge, and see your work as an offering or sacrifice, all your actions lose their binding effects. They get purified and no longer create karma that ties you down.