dhyāyato viṣhayān puṁsaḥ saṅgas teṣhūpajāyate
saṅgāt sañjāyate kāmaḥ kāmāt krodho ’bhijāyate|| 62||

My Understanding : The second part is the mind, which allows us to recognize good and bad, exercise intelligence, and manifest willpower. For these functions to work, the mind needs the body and conscience. This state is referred to as the “yoga stage.” When you become overly attracted to external things through your conscience, you enter the “ayoga stage.” At this point, your intellect, or the “self,” becomes focused on external events. As a result, you experience happiness and sadness based on these external circumstances. In moments of happiness, you enjoy; in moments of sadness, you may become irritated or angry, reacting according to the emotions these situations trigger.

tāni sarvāṇi sanyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ
vaśhe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣhṭhitā|| 61||

My Understanding : The nature of the human body is understood in two parts. The first part consists of the body, life, senses, and conscience, which are immortal. The second part is the mind, which represents the self. These components are all interconnected and significant. The five elements combine to form the seven minerals, which make up the Annamaya Kosha. This kosha is responsible for our ability to eat, digest food, and convert it into energy for survival. Through it, we are able to see, hear, and smell. Similarly, the body is divided into three primary koshas: the Annamaya Kosha, Pranamaya Kosha, and Manomaya Kosha, representing the first division of our being.

yatato hyapi kaunteya puruṣhasya vipaśhchitaḥ
indriyāṇi pramāthīni haranti prasabhaṁ manaḥ || 60||

My Understanding : When you read good books, your senses and conscience become more energized. As you learn new things, you may feel inspired to implement them, which can make you more responsible, but also lead to stress without realizing it. This stress can cause irritation and anger. However, despite these emotions, your conscience will eventually return to its natural state of comfort. If your conscience becomes attached to either good or bad things, you will have to face the consequences of those attachments.

viṣhayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ
rasa-varjaṁ raso ’pyasya paraṁ dṛiṣhṭvā nivartate|| 59||

My Understanding : It can be challenging to keep your mind calm. Some people manage to calm their minds through their senses, but for this, the senses must be fully trained. When we attempt to train our senses, efforts are made to redirect their natural tendencies. During this process, reciting mantras, shlokas, or similar practices can be helpful. Controlling the senses does not simply mean detaching from sensory objects—it is about exercising restraint. For example, if you are attracted to certain foods and control the urge to eat them, your senses, like your tongue, become disciplined. This shows you have control over your senses.

yadā sanharate chāyaṁ kūrmo ’ṅgānīva sarvaśhaḥ
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣhṭhitā || 58||

My Understanding : The tortoise is unique in that its body parts are very sensitive, yet it protects itself by retreating into its shell when faced with adverse conditions. Similarly, people with a steady intellect control their senses in response to challenging situations, guarding their inner peace just as the tortoise protects itself.

duḥkheṣhv-anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣhu vigata-spṛihaḥ
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ sthita-dhīr munir uchyate|| 56||
yaḥ sarvatrānabhisnehas tat tat prāpya śhubhāśhubham
nābhinandati na dveṣhṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣhṭhitā|| 57||

My Understanding : Every person on this earth experiences moments of intellectual clarity, whether auspicious or inauspicious. The more you become attached to these moments, the more emotions arise around them. However, for a person with a steady intellect, there is no distinction between good or bad. They accept everything as it comes, without dividing experiences into categories of good or bad.

śhrī bhagavān uvācha
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha mano-gatān
ātmany-evātmanā tuṣhṭaḥ sthita-prajñas tadochyate|| 55||

My Understanding : People with a steady intellect remain unaffected by external emotions. When they feel sadness, it doesn’t lead to excitement or excessive attachment to the sadness itself. You won’t see this outwardly because external fears typically cause sadness in others. However, when you do not hold opinions or attachments to particular things, there is no basis for sadness. As a result, you remain at peace and ultimately experience true happiness.

arjuna uvācha
sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣhā samādhi-sthasya keśhava
sthita-dhīḥ kiṁ prabhāṣheta kim āsīta vrajeta kim|| 54||

My Understanding : Steady intellect: When wisdom directs itself toward the senses and conscience, it manifests openly in the world. However, when it works on the intellect, conscience, and senses, it illuminates internally but does not necessarily show outwardly. This form of wisdom shines like a ray of light reflecting from a mirror. The senses and conscience carry this wisdom within. This stage of inner clarity and harmony is called peace.

śhruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niśhchalā
samādhāv-achalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasi|| 53||

My Understanding : When a tornado forms, you can see its shape as the air and leaves are swept into its vortex, but you cannot see the air itself as it begins to swirl. The tornado takes shape from the dust and debris around it. Similarly, our senses, when guided by perception, shape our understanding of dharma. Just as rainwater, when it collects in a muddy pond, appears muddy, our senses can distort pure perception when influenced by external factors.

karma-jaṁ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṁ tyaktvā manīṣhiṇaḥ
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṁ gachchhanty-anāmayam|| 51||
yadā te moha-kalilaṁ buddhir vyatitariṣhyati
tadā gantāsi nirvedaṁ śhrotavyasya śhrutasya cha || 52||

My Understanding : Materialistic happiness is different from true, inner happiness. God exists in every object and every being. At times, you may not see God in everything because you are caught up in the distractions of the material world. However, when intellect governs your mind and conscience, you will free yourself from this infatuation and realize that God is present everywhere.